Abstract
Displacement-based finite element calculations are primarily used for serviceability limit state (SLS) analysis, but the finite element method also offers possibilities for ultimate limit state (ULS) design in geotechnical engineering. The combined use of SLS and ULS calculations with partial safety factors according to the different design approaches in the Eurocode 7 can be time-consuming and prone to error. In this paper a Design Approaches facility is presented for an efficient use of partial safety factors in a finite element environment. In addition to a description of the methods used in this facility, an example is elaborated involving the geotechnical design of a sheet-pile wall supported excavation using different design approaches.
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