Abstract
Arctic settlements built on permafrostface rather unique set of geotechnical challenges. On urbanized areas, technogenic transformation of natural landscapes due toconstruction of various types of infrastructure leads to changes in heat exchange in permafrost-atmosphere system. The spatial distribution and intensity of dangerous cryogenic processes in urbanized areas is substantially different from natural background settings found prior to construction. Climate change, especially pronounced in the Arctic, exacerbated these changes. Combination of technogenic pressure and climate change resulted in potentially hazardous situation in respect to operational safety of the buildings and structures built on permafrost. This paper is focused on geotechnical safety issues faced by the Arctic urban centers built on permafrost. Common types of technogenic impacts characteristic for urban settlements wereevaluated based on field observations and modeling techniques. The basic principles of development of deformations are discussed in respect to changing permafrost conditions and operational mode of the structures built on permafrost.
Highlights
In Russia, 66% of the territory is located in permafrost zone
The new conditions are characterized, first, by a radical transformation of landscapes contributing to changes in energy and heat transfer in the“permafrost –atmosphere” system and, second, by engineering and technical impact, on underlying substrate leading to changes of physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of frozen soils
Manifested risks and losses depend on the natural environment, and the Mechanical: excavation of soils for foundations, establishment of quarries and pits, and construction of mines and tunnels result in changes in the strength and cohesion of frozen soils; construction of dumps, tailing storage facilities, and construction pads contribute to the formation of a new frozen ground or to its degradation
Summary
In Russia, 66% of the territory is located in permafrost zone. Many key enterprises associated with mineral resource extraction and processing, as well as large administrative centers have been established on permafrost. Development of the vast territories of Siberia and the Far East with their high resource potential is expected Without it sustainable development of Russia in the XXI century is impossible. In the cities of the North, this “new reality” causes increase in ground temperatures and intensification of dangerous cryogenic processes leading to overall reduction in geotechnical stability of the environment. Temporal changes in permafrost thermal regime were evaluated by analysis and comparison of data obtained from a series of temperature boreholes at construction sites and surrounding undisturbed areas. This allowed to study the relation between permafrost and geotechnical conditions of the environment in the cities of the polar regions. Mapping techniques and methods of quantitative modeling to predict changes in permafrost engineering parameters were widely used along with methods of quantitative modeling for forecast of engineering and geocryological parameters, primarily, through formulation and solution of two-dimensional problems of non-stationary heat transfer in permafrost media considering the Stefan condition (with phase transition of water)
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