Abstract
In Upper Egypt, the settled areas were constructed on the flood plain clayey soils which situated on both sides of River Nile course. These clayey sediments are consisting of silts, clays and sands with average values of 47.4, 40.3 and 12.3% respectively and classified as inorganic clays (CL). The clay mineral composition of these inorganic clayey soils constitutes of montmorillonite, kaolinite, illite–montmorillonite mixed layer and minor percents of chlorite and illite. These populated old cities were extended during last three decades in the same time the sewage networks are not found in new extended areas. So that, the private sector was forced to storage wastewater in so called wastewater-tanks below or near the houses. These tanks sometimes filled completely or broken then the wastewater which rich in organic matter will saturate the clayey soils. The wastewater had been caused an increasing in original plasticity and swelling potentiality of these clayey soils. So that, serious damages such as wall cracks and foundation tilting were observed.
Highlights
In Egypt, mostly the populated area was constructed over areas covered with flood plain clayey soils which concentrated on both sides of River Nile course and its two branches in the Delta Governorates
The obtained data of physical properties of the studied soils as well as the effect of wastewater on their plasticity, cation exchange capacity and swelling potentiality will be used in the studied soil classification as the followings: Grain size The grain size distribution of clayey sediments plays a vital factor effecting on their swelling potential
The current work can be considered as a model for the effect of wastewater on the plasticity and swelling behavior of clayey soil
Summary
In Egypt, mostly the populated area was constructed over areas covered with flood plain clayey soils which concentrated on both sides of River Nile course and its two branches in the Delta Governorates. These clayey sediments of River Nile floodplain region were deposited during pre-construction of the High Dam. The average thickness of these clayey sediments is 10 m between Aswan and Cairo. The average thickness of these clayey sediments is 10 m between Aswan and Cairo These sediments are covered about 4.6 of the total area of Egypt and are characterized by low strength and high compressibility [3].
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