Abstract
The Lower Kihansi unlined high-pressure tunnel is the first of its kind to be constructed in Tanzania. The pressure tunnel consists of a 500 m vertical shaft and a 2.195 km inclined headrace tunnel. The cross sectional area of the shaft is 25 m2 and that of the headrace tunnel is 30–37.5 m2. The headrace tunnel slopes 1:7 towards the powerhouse cavern. The pressure tunnel acts as waterway towards the underground hydroelectric power generation plants with a maximum generating capacity of 180 MW. The Kihansi River has been deviated through the shaft and headrace tunnel from an elevation of 1,146–300 m above sea level. The maximum water pressure created by this deviation is 8.5 MPa.
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