Geotechnical and thermal analysis and complex impedance spectroscopy characterization of pure Moroccan bentonite material for civil engineering applications

Abstract

Combined modulus and impedance spectra are employed in the present work to explore electrical inhomogeneity and carriers’ behaviors in a pure bentonite Moroccan clay based on equivalent circuit. It has been clearly observed that the electrical properties change due to the increase of temperature from 300 °C to 700 °C. The frequency-dependent imaginary modulus M" and imaginary impedance Z" curves has only one peak at each temperature indicating the predominance of the contribution of grains to the total electrical conduction in bentonite. The positions of these peaks move to higher frequencies when the temperature increases in relation with the distribution of relaxation time. Moreover, the activation energy for the conduction process in bentonite is determined from the slope of ln(ρdc) versus of 1/T in the order of 700 meV in good agreement with that obtained from the proposed equivalent circuit. On the other hand, let’s present a geotechnical study that show that our material is a swelling clay, very plastic and could be used as a binder. The external stress dependence of the bulk density, Young’s module and maximum stress are analysed. The thermal conductivity determined following the device of Lee's disks where two copper disks of thickness of 15 mm and diameter of 30 mm were used