Abstract
Abstract. The Geostationary Emission Explorer for Europe (G3E) is a concept for a geostationary satellite sounder that aims to constrain the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) for continental-scale regions. Its primary focus is on central Europe. G3E carries a spectrometer system that collects sunlight backscattered from the Earth's surface and atmosphere in the near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave-infrared (SWIR) spectral range. Solar absorption spectra allow for spatiotemporally dense observations of the column-average concentrations of carbon dioxide (XCO2), methane (XCH4), and carbon monoxide (XCO). The mission concept in particular facilitates sampling of the diurnal variation with several measurements per day during summer. Here, we present the mission concept and carry out an initial performance assessment of the retrieval capabilities. The radiometric performance of the 4 grating spectrometers is tuned to reconcile small ground-pixel sizes (~2 km × 3 km at 50° latitude) with short single-shot exposures (~2.9 s) that allow for sampling continental regions such as central Europe within 2 h while providing a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. The noise errors to be expected for XCO2, XCH4, and XCO are assessed through retrieval simulations for a European trial ensemble. Generally, single-shot precision for the targeted XCO2 and XCH4 is better than 0.5 % with some exception for scenes with low infrared surface albedo observed under low sun conditions in winter. For XCO, precision is generally better than 10 %. Performance for aerosol and cirrus loaded atmospheres is assessed by mimicking G3E's slant view on Europe for an ensemble of atmospheric scattering properties used previously for evaluating nadir-viewing low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites. While retrieval concepts developed for LEO configurations generally succeed in mitigating aerosol- and cirrus-induced retrieval errors for G3E's setup, residual errors are somewhat greater in geostationary orbit (GEO) than in LEO. G3E's deployment in the vicinity of the Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) satellites has the potential to make synergistic use of MTG's sounding capabilities e.g. with respect to characterization of aerosol and cloud properties or with respect to enhancing carbon monoxide retrievals by combining G3E's solar and MTG's thermal infrared spectra.
Highlights
Satellite remote sensing of man-made greenhouse gases has been suggested as a key enabling technology to facilitate policy-relevant monitoring of anthropogenic emissions and their interaction with the biogeochemical environment (e.g. Rayner and O’Brien, 2001; Ciais et al, 2014)
G3E is a satellite mission concept for a spectrometer system to be deployed in geostationary orbit
The G3E instrument is designed to comply with the requirements previously found to enable monitoring of point-source emissions as well as diffuse biogenic sources and sinks of the greenhouse gases CO2 and CH4 (e.g. Bovensmann et al, 2010)
Summary
Satellite remote sensing of man-made greenhouse gases has been suggested as a key enabling technology to facilitate policy-relevant monitoring of anthropogenic emissions and their interaction with the biogeochemical environment (e.g. Rayner and O’Brien, 2001; Ciais et al, 2014). While GEO-CARB (Polonsky et al, 2014; Rayner et al, 2014) demonstrates usefulness and capabilities of a geostationary greenhouse gas sounder, we address G3E-specific challenges which are the small ground-pixel area observed under small solid angles from GEO and a European focus region seen under slant viewing angles The former challenge poses stringent requirements on the radiometric design of the instrument to meet the targeted precision on the subpercent level for XCO2 and XCH4 and better than 10 % for XCO (e.g. Bovensmann et al, 2010; Rayner et al, 2014).
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
