Abstract
Inclined topographies are one of the most challenging problems for geospatial analysis of air-borne and space-borne imageries. However, flat areas are mostly misleading to exhibit the real performance. For this reason, researchers generally require a study area which includes mountainous topography and various land cover and land use types. Zonguldak and its vicinity is a very suitable test site for performance investigation of remote sensing systems due to the fact that it contains different land use types such as dense forest, river, sea, urban area; different structures such as open pit mining operations, thermal power plant; and its mountainous structure. In this paper, we reviewed more than 120 proceeding papers and journal articles about geospatial analysis that are performed on the test field of Zonguldak and its surroundings. Geospatial analysis performed with imageries include elimination of systematic geometric errors, 2/3D georeferencing accuracy assessment, DEM and DSM generation and validation, ortho-image production, evaluation of information content, image classification, automatic feature extraction and object recognition, pan-sharpening, land use and land cover change analysis and deformation monitoring. In these applications many optical satellite images are used i.e. ASTER, Bilsat-1, IKONOS, IRS-1C, KOMPSAT-1, KVR-1000, Landsat-3-5-7, Orbview-3, QuickBird, Pleiades, SPOT-5, TK-350, RADARSAT-1, WorldView-1-2; as well as radar data i.e. JERS-1, Envisat ASAR, TerraSAR-X, ALOS PALSAR and SRTM. These studies are performed by Departments of Geomatics Engineering at Bülent Ecevit University, at İstanbul Technical University, at Yıldız Technical University, and Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation at Leibniz University Hannover. These studies are financially supported by TÜBİTAK (Turkey), the Universities, ESA, Airbus DS, ERSDAC (Japan) and Jülich Research Centre (Germany).
Highlights
Remote sensing technology was firstly introduced in the 1960’s to collect intelligence from spy satellites
While data for visible and nearinfrared (VNIR) 4 bands with 60m spatial resolution was obtained with Multispectral Scanner System (MSS) sensors in the 1970’s, data for 7 bands with 30m spatial resolution was obtained with Thematic Mapper (TM) sensors in the 1980’s
Since the early 1990’s, several satellite programs developed by many countries such as SPOT was developed by France, Belgium and Sweden; IRS was developed by India; TK-350 and KVR-1000 were developed by Russia; RADARSAT was developed by Canada; Bilsat, RASAT and GÖKTÜRK-2 missions were developed by Turkey
Summary
Remote sensing technology was firstly introduced in the 1960’s to collect intelligence from spy satellites. Landsat-1 was that the first civilian Earth observation satellite was launched in 1972. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a form of radar which is used to create images of objects. ERS-2 which acquired images in C-band was launched in 1995. Synthetic Aperture Radar) has three imaging modes that are SpotLight (SL): 1-3m, StripMap (SM): 3-10m and ScanSAR (SS): 60-100m., was launched in 2007. It is a joint mission being carried out by a public-private-partnership. Nowadays there is a huge assortment of satellite technologies recording information about the Earth These technologies can be used for all remote sensing applications such as environment, forestry, agriculture, geology, meteorology, marine and ocean sciences
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