Geopolitical leverage in the energy transition: A framework for analysis and the case of Australian electricity exports

Abstract

The world is witnessing an energy transition that is only set to accelerate as nations across the world commit to net-zero emissions. The geopolitical consequences of this transition will be profound. Yet for the most part they are still to be analysed. Scholars are yet to consider analytically how states can achieve geopolitical leverage and apply this to national case studies. This perspective article seeks to address these gaps. First, by synthesising the insights of multiple disciplines I propose a high-level framework for analyzing geopolitical leverage. Second, I test the plausibility of this framework by exploring Australia's potential to become a large exporter of renewable electricity to Asia. In doing so, this article also considers the policy implications that flow from the changing geopolitics of energy.