Geopolitical Dynamics in the 21st Century: Revisiting the Heartland Theory's Relevance

Abstract

In today's complex world of global geopolitics, the enduring ideas of the Heartland Theory by Sir Halford Mackinder have provoked a critical examination of its relevance. This research paper explores how these ideas fit into today's changing world. The Heartland Theory suggests that the big piece of land in Eurasia can give country lots of power. This paper looks closely at this idea and how it started when different countries were competing for power in the past. But now, the world's geopolitical arenas have changed a lot including technological revolutions, economic interdependence, and the ascent of new power players. These changes challenge what the Heartland Theory first said. The study also looks at real-life examples to see where the Heartland Theory fits with today's events and where it might not fit well. It also underscores the challenges posed by non-state actors, globalization, and evolving power structures. In conclusion, while the Heartland Theory remains a crucial landmark in geopolitical thought, its interpretation in the 21st century demands adaptation to encompass the intricate interplay of economic, technological, and non-territorial factors shaping global affairs.