Abstract
Environmental and engineering geophysics are new branches of geophysics that focus on data collection and an analysis of the present day environment. Noninvasive, nondestructive, and inexpensive geophysical technologies are now capable of providing detailed 3D and 4D representations of the subsurface. These advances in geophysical survey techniques have not only enhanced traditional applications, such as prospecting geophysics, but also made way for development of new methodologies in near surface investigations. Environmental and engineering geophysics includes mapping of shallow geological formations, prospecting for resources located in the near surface, monitoring aquifers, mapping anthropogenic effects on the environment, and surveying for civil engineering and archaeological projects. Environmental and engineering geophysics measures parameters such as salinity of subsurface fluids, levels of radioactivity, and other soil properties affected by industrial activity.
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