Geophysical study of geyser action in Yellowstone National Park

Abstract

Seismic and steam activity associated with several geysers in Yellowstone National Park, especially Old Faithful geyser, were studied simultaneously. Three distinct phases were evident in the Old Faithful eruption cycle: following an eruption, continuous steam activity and no seismic acivity; steam and seismic activity increasing or decreasing together; and directly preceding the next eruption, no steam or seismic activity. The three phases are believed to be indicative of the filling of the underground reservoir with water, heating, and superheating, respectively, which triggers the eruption. A limited study of eight other geysers suggests that each has its individual seismic signature.