Abstract
AbstractGeophysical monitoring of landslides can provide insights into spatial and temporal variations of subsurface properties associated with slope failure. Recent improvements in equipment, data analysis, and field operations have led to a significant increase in the use of such techniques in monitoring. Geophysical methods complement intrusive approaches, which sample only a very small proportion of the subsurface, and walk‐over or remotely sensed data, which principally provide information only at the ground surface. In particular, recent studies show that advances in geophysical instrumentation, data processing, modeling, and interpretation in the context of landslide monitoring are significantly improving the characterization of hillslope hydrology and soil and rock hydrology and strength and their dynamics over time. This review appraises the state of the art of geophysical monitoring, as applied to moisture‐induced landslides. Here we focus on technical and practical uses of time‐lapse methods in geophysics applied to monitoring moisture‐induced landslide. The case studies identified in this review show that several geophysical techniques are currently used in the monitoring of subsurface landslide processes. These geophysical contributions to monitoring and predicting the evolution of landslide processes are currently underrealized. Hence, the further integration of multiple‐parametric and geotechnically coupled geophysical monitoring systems has considerable potential. The complementary nature of certain methods to map the distribution of subsurface moisture and elastic moduli will greatly increase the predictive and monitoring capacity of early warning systems in moisture‐induced landslide settings.
Highlights
The destabilization and subsequent mass movement of soil and rock on slopes occurs across the globe, leading to loss of life and damage to property and infrastructure (Froude & Petley, 2018; Petley, 2012)
The case studies identified in this review show that several geophysical techniques are currently used in the monitoring of subsurface landslide processes
The use of geophysical monitoring systems to assess the evolution of subsurface property distributions and changes over time have been reviewed
Summary
The destabilization and subsequent mass movement of soil and rock on slopes occurs across the globe, leading to loss of life and damage to property and infrastructure (Froude & Petley, 2018; Petley, 2012). Investigation of landslides can determine their key characteristics, including (but not limited to) soil and rock properties, the landslide geomorphology, types of movement, and velocity rates. Detailed knowledge of these characteristics can inform the modeling of the sensitivity of landslide masses to external triggers (Arnone et al, 2011; Jibson, 1993), which contribute to reducing risk posed by these globally occurring hazards. The worldwide distribution of landslides is not uniform, with landslides occurring primarily where the requisite topographic, climatic, and environmental conditions are prevalent. An obvious pattern is the greater occurrence of landslides in areas of greater topographic variation compared to areas of relatively low relief
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