Abstract
With ever increasing demands on water resources, Egypt is facing increasing water needs, demanded by a rapidly growing population, by higher standards of living and by an agricultural policys. West Nile Delta represents a new agricultural area where the reclaimed lands are irrigated with groundwater in addition to surface water. The evaluation of groundwater aquifers in West Nile Delta area requires information about the extension, depth and distribution and source of recharging these aquifers. In this work, an integrated study using geoelectric, geomagnetic, hydrogeologic and hydrochemistry investigations has been applied to evaluate groundwater aquifers and to delineate subsurface structures predominant in the basement rocks at El-Nubariya area, West Nile Delta, Egypt. Thirty-five Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) have been applied to identify the subsurface geoelctric layers predominant in the study area. As well as a detailed land magnetic survey has been carried out along the study area using two automatic proton precession magnetometers with an accuracy of 1 nT. These surveys allowed us to establish the subsurface structures and their relation with the detected aquifers. The geoelectric results are illustrated along seven geoelectric profiles and correlated with the lithologic and hydrogeologic data of drilled wells. The third geoelectric layer represents the water saturated zone (aquifer) with thickness varies from 14 m to 58 m, increasing to east and southeast directions. The hydrchemisty anlysis shows that the salinity of the water aquifer ranges from 600 ppm in the southeast to 3900 ppm in the south. The major dominant dissolved salt is Nacl. In the east and southeast, the water type becomes more NaSO4 which refers to dissolution of gypsum in addition to fertilizers. The magnetic data have been analyzed using horizontal gradient and 3D magnetic modeling along the locations of geolectric profiles. The results indicate that the fault structures are trending in E-W, NW-SE and NE-SW directions. These faults confirm the results obtained from the well geolectric interpretation. These fault structures act as recharging paths from lower brackish to upper fresh water aquifers.
Highlights
The increase of development has been overspreading many places in Egypt
A detailed geoelectric resistivity survey using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was performed at thirtyfive soundings in the form of profiles covering the study area. This investigation has been followed by a detailed land magnetic survey using two proton precession magnetometers in a mesh-like network. In addition to these surveys, more than 20 drilled wells distributed over the study area were used to confirm the results from the geoelectric and geomagnetic investigations
The results show that there is a significant correlation between the structures deduced from the land magnetic interpretation and geoelectric cross-sections along profiles A-A’ and D-D’ interpretation obtained from composite well logs, RTP magnetic profiles and horizontal gradient curves (Figures 11 and 12)
Summary
The increase of development has been overspreading many places in Egypt. So, great attention has been paid to the establishment of new settlements, land reclamation projects and preservation of the cultivated land. The present research aims to evaluate the groundwater aquifers in the west of the Nile Delta This goal will be achieved by using Vertical Electrical Sounding technique (VES), ground magnetic data, in addition to the integration between geoelectric results and hydrochemical analyses. The ground surface is below the sea level at Abu EL Matamir and Hush Isa. A detailed geoelectric resistivity survey using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was performed at thirtyfive soundings in the form of profiles covering the study area. A detailed geoelectric resistivity survey using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was performed at thirtyfive soundings in the form of profiles covering the study area This investigation has been followed by a detailed land magnetic survey using two proton precession magnetometers in a mesh-like network. In addition to these surveys, more than 20 drilled wells distributed over the study area were used to confirm the results from the geoelectric and geomagnetic investigations
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