Geophysical Borehole Observatory at the North Anatolian Fault in the Eastern Sea of Marmara (GONAF): initial results

Abstract

Given its intense seismic activity and damaging earthquake generation potential, the western part of the North Anatolian Fault constitutes a serious natural hazard. As a result, the fault is monitored with a broad range of seismological and geodetic instrumentation making it a natural laboratory environment for scientific studies. One of the long-term projects in this region is GONAF (Geophysical Borehole Observatory at the North Anatolian Fault) which is the first borehole seismometer network project in Turkey. GONAF is a joint research project that started in 2011 as joint initiative of the Turkish Ministry of Interior, Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency AFAD and GFZ and the German Research Center for Geoscience Helmholtz Center Potsdam. The aim of GONAF is to detect, examine, and monitor the microseismic activity in the region and to observe the physical processes before, during and after a large Marmara earthquake (M > 7.0) that is expected to rupture the western part of the North Anatolian Fault, below the Marmara Sea along the Princes Islands segment or even further to the west. For this purpose, the permanent GONAF observatory was established consisting of 7 borehole seismometer arrays installed down to a depth of 300 m. In this paper, we report on regional stress changes in the western part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) using instrumental data and the Coulomb stress method. We also present preliminary results of the observation and evaluation of microseismic activity obtained from the GONAF observatory. For the automatic evaluation of real-time data, Seiscomp3, RTQUAKE, and Earthworm Softwares were used. Within the scope of automatic earthquake detection studies, between March, 2016 and November, 2017, a total of 2568 earthquakes were detected using the RTQUAKE software. Of these, 1459 could be analyzed. While the magnitude of the analyzed earthquakes varies between 0.8 and 4.2, the depth of these events ranges from 2 to 30 km.