Abstract
The characterization of soil is essential for the evaluation of seismic hazard, because soil properties strongly influence the damage caused by earthquakes. Methods based on seismic noise are the most commonly used in soil characterization. Concretely, methods based on seismic noise array measurements allow for the estimation of Rayleigh wave dispersion curves and, subsequently, shear-wave velocity profiles. The equipment required for the application of this technique is usually very expensive, which could be a significant economic challenge for small research groups. In this work, we have developed a wireless multichannel seismic noise recorder system (Geophonino-W), which is suitable for array measurements. Each station includes a microcontroller board (Arduino), a conditioning circuit, an Xbee module, an SD card, and a GPS module. Several laboratory tests were carried out in order to study the performance of the Geophonino-W: A frequency response test (impulse response and noise); synchronization test; and battery duration test. Comparisons of Geophonino-W with the commercial systems and field measurements were also carried out. The estimated dispersion curves obtained using the proposed system were compared with the ones obtained using other commercial equipment, demonstrating the effectiveness of Geophonino-W for seismic noise array measurements. Geophonino-W is an economic open-source and hardware system that is available to any small research group or university.
Highlights
The damage produced in different places by the occurrence of an earthquake is related to the energy released
The aim of this paper is to present a new wireless multichannel seismic noise recorder system (Geophonino-W), based on a wireless sensor network (WSN) and developed with open-source hardware (OSHW) and open-source software (OSS)
The comparison of the estimated dispersion curves obtained using the commercial equipment and the ones obtained using the developed Geophonino-W system shows a good agreement. These results prove the right performance of the developed system in recording seismic noise data
Summary
The damage produced in different places by the occurrence of an earthquake is related to the energy released. The level of damage at each site is closely linked to what is called the “site effect”. This effect can significantly increase the seismic shaking at the surface of the site, especially when it is constituted by soft sediments [1,2,3]. The seismic wave amplification is determined by the physical soil characteristics. Subsoil characterization is mandatory in the evaluation of seismic hazards in urban areas, because it provides information about the site effects when an earthquake occurs.
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