Abstract
Geomorphological zoning and complex relief research were conducted in the Racha region, which is located In the Caucasus, in the northwestern part of Georgia, south of the Greater Caucasus, in the central part of which there are Precambrian and Paleozoic crystalline substrates (gneisses, migmatites, crystalline shales) and granitoid intrusions of different ages. The Caucasus axis and higher massifs are built of granitoid, gneiss, and metamorphic shales. The oldest rocks (600 million years old) are found at the highest points and the age of the rocks decreases in the vicinity of the hypsometry steps (70 - 30 million rocks). The geological structure of the region has made a significant contribution to the formation of relief landscapes. Karst, erosion-denudation, volcanic, periglacial relief, and various interesting forms are formed here: caves, valleys, canyons, glacial and rocky lakes, waterfalls, deep valleys, mineral waters, and more. The peculiarity of the relief also influenced the mining geological history (5000 AD) and the creation of ancient settlements. Here, still in ancient Racha, at the head of the main river, Rioni, ancient settlements were formed due to iron, gold, and copper metal, which is confirmed by archeological monuments.
Highlights
Geomorphological zoning and complex relief research were conducted in the Racha region, which is located In the Caucasus, in the northwestern part of Georgia, south of the Greater Caucasus, in the central part of which there are Precambrian and Paleozoic crystalline substrates and granitoid intrusions of different ages
Based on the field research, I have compiled a list of important relief forms that should be granted the status of a natural monument
Khidikari deserves the status of a natural monument because it is a historic defensive structure
Summary
The relief of the study area is mountainous. The lowest point of the relief is 380 m, near the village of Zeda Ghvardia, Ambrolauri Municipality, on the left bank of the Rioni River. The highest point is the peak Chanachakhi—Oni Municipality, 4460 m above sea level. Racha consists of Ambrolauri and Oni municipalities, together with Tsageri (Lechkhumi) and Lentekhi (Svaneti) municipalities and together form the Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti regions
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