Abstract
This study identified the Pleistocene depositional succession of the group (A) (marine, estuarine, and fluvial depositional systems) of the Melor and Inas fields in the central Malay Basin from the seafloor to approximately −507 ms (522 m). During the last few years, hydrocarbon exploration in Malay Basin has moved to focus on stratigraphic traps, specifically those that existed with channel sands. These traps motivate carrying out this research to image and locate these kinds of traps. It can be difficult to determine if closely spaced-out channels and channel belts exist within several seismic sequences in map-view with proper seismic sequence geomorphic elements and stratigraphic surfaces seismic cross lines, or probably reinforce the auto-cyclic aggregational stacking of the avulsing rivers precisely. This analysis overcomes this challenge by combining well-log with three-dimensional (3D) seismic data to resolve the deposition stratigraphic discontinuities’ considerable resolution. Three-dimensional (3D) seismic volume and high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) seismic sections with several wells were utilized. A high-resolution seismic sequence stratigraphy framework of three main seismic sequences (3rd order), four Parasequences sets (4th order), and seven Parasequences (5th order) have been established. The time slice images at consecutive two-way times display single meandering channels ranging in width from 170 to 900 m. Moreover, other geomorphological elements have been perfectly imaged, elements such as interfluves, incised valleys, chute cutoff, point bars, and extinction surfaces, providing proof of rapid growth and transformation of deposits. The high-resolution 2D sections with Cosine of Phase seismic attributes have facilitated identifying the reflection terminations against the stratigraphic amplitude. Several continuous and discontinuous channels, fluvial point bars, and marine sediments through the sequence stratigraphic framework have been addressed. The whole series reveals that almost all fluvial systems lay in the valleys at each depositional sequence’s bottom bars. The degradational stacking patterns are characterized by the fluvial channels with no evidence of fluvial aggradation. Moreover, the aggradation stage is restricted to marine sedimentation incursions. The 3D description of these deposits permits distinguishing seismic facies of the abandoned mud channel and the sand point bar deposits. The continuous meandering channel, which is filled by muddy deposits, may function as horizontal muddy barriers or baffles that might isolate the reservoir body into separate storage containers. The 3rd, 4th, and 5th orders of the seismic sequences were established for the studied succession. The essential geomorphological elements have been imaged utilizing several seismic attributes.
Highlights
Significant development of the three-dimensional (3D) seismic data acquisition over the past few decades has been achieved
(4) Characterize the discontinuity in stratigraphy within the 2D seismic sections to distinguish the genetically different fluvial characteristics found in 3D time slices, enabling the geomorphic characteristics correlation with bed-scale stratigraphy, and (5) establish the morphological framework of the channel and channel belt and reveal the distribution of the sand and mud within such coastal environments
A medium sinuous channel is disblending at −138 ms, exposing a continental meandering fluvial channel with paleo-flow trajectory played with several tributaries at the southwest of the map view. (G) The time slice of the RGB color from northatto−174 south
Summary
Significant development of the three-dimensional (3D) seismic data acquisition over the past few decades has been achieved. Whichever closely spaced-out channels and channel belts exist within several seismic sequences or probably reinforce auto-cyclic aggregational stacking of the avulsing rivers can be challenging to determine This research overcomes this obstacle by incorporating the 3D seismic data with a well log to approach the considerable resolution of depositions’. The evolution of a Late Pleistocene incised valley, facies architecture, and analyzing recent fluvial point-bar deposits have been addressed as well, using regional seismic data, from References [1,26]. These studies are typically limited regarding the resolution achieved, representing only a regional investigation. Assessing the interpreted units’ corresponding system tracts. (2) Describe the study area’s main deposition processes and identify the seismic facies nature of the deltaic deposits. (3) Offer a comprehensive seismic geomorphologic analysis of the studied succession through depicting the stratigraphic features with the fluvial deltaic’s geomorphologic elements. (4) Characterize the discontinuity in stratigraphy within the 2D seismic sections to distinguish the genetically different fluvial characteristics found in 3D time slices, enabling the geomorphic characteristics correlation with bed-scale stratigraphy, and (5) establish the morphological framework of the channel and channel belt and reveal the distribution of the sand and mud within such coastal environments
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