Abstract
The Fluvial geomorphology of Chambal River basin is so vast in terminology; therefore remote sensing and GIS application and technique to analyzing the whole Chambal geomorphology in interval of space and time has been used. Chambal River is a perennial river and carries large quantity of water and sediment load to transportation. Chambal River is famous for the past prehistoric and as unpolluted river. Chambal origin considered from the Janapav valley (Janapav Shiv Temple) at Malwa ridge surrounded by Manpur Reserve Forest, Madhya Pradesh, India. The source of Chambal water is considered from seepage of groundwater from the Basaltic columnar joint rock (Malwa Ridge) where the water flows from the weak columnar joints of Basalts and follows gradient slop facing in Northward direction. Chambal River has Deccan trap Basalt as river bedded rock, Mesozoic age formation with dendritic drainage pattern at Malwa region. Chambal River origin lies at an elevation of 840.6 meter with Latitude 22 0 27′36.5″N and Longitude 75 0 41′14.4″E (source by: ground truth field data) . Physiographically the area to the North of Chambal is characterized by moderately dissected plateau and formed undulating topography. However, to determine the changes in flow, meandering, and geomorphic landforms development in the Chambal river origin, primarily the toposheet no 46N, 46M and Landsat imagery ETM+ data are used for geomorphic evolution maps and digitization and georeferencing has done by using ArcGIS v10 software. Identification of geomorphological landforms with their specific geomorphological processes either erosional or depositional in the fluvial system of the Chambal River will certainly help in assessing the environmental and hydrological problems in this Malwa region.
Highlights
India is enriched for their variable fluvial geomorphic features and riverine pattern is one of them
Geomorphologic studies of Chambal river has been a great significance for deciphering extend of urban growth in landscape of the earth such as unstable hill slope with weak lithology and frequent slope failure and Remote sensing and GIS applications is so easy to access for its study of vast area and less time consuming
Alluvial riverine pattern of Chambal river which affected by frequent flood, are subsidence resulted by the tectonics
Summary
India is enriched for their variable fluvial geomorphic features and riverine pattern is one of them. The Chambal River originate in the form of groundwater seepage from columnar joint of basaltic Malwa ridge at latitudes 22027′36.5′′N and 75041′14.4′′E at an elevation 841m (±3m) (ground truth data). This river follow the consequent slope of ridge and this is the reason flowing in Northwards direction (Figure 1). The Chambal basin located between 22o27'N-73°20'E to 27o20'N-79°15'E and its rain fed catchment and drains a total area of 143,219 sq.km2 This river is characterized by undulating flood plains, gullies, forest, ravines and scrub land (Husain & Badola, 2001; Gopal & Srivastava, 2008).
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