Abstract
Studying fluvial dynamics and environments, GIS-based analyses are of fundamental importance to evaluate the network geometry and possible anomalies, and can be particularly useful to estimate modifications in processes and erosion rates. The aim of this paper is to estimate short-term erosion rates attributable to fluvial processes in two sample catchment sub-basins of the Marecchia river valley, by conducting quantitative morphometric analyses in order to calculate various descriptive parameters of the hierarchisation of the river networks and the mean turbid transport of streams (Tu). Sediment yield transported by streams can in fact partially express the amount of erosional processes acting within the drainage basin. The study area includes two sub-basins of the Marecchia valley (Senatello river, 49 km2 and Mazzocco river, 47 km2), chosen because of their similar extent and of the different location in the major catchment basin. Starting from geomorphological maps of the two river basins, the Tu parameter has been calculated and converted in short-term rate (average value 0.21 mm/year). Moreover, the comparison of these short-term mean data with the uplift rates calculated on a regional scale (0.41 ± 0.26 mm/year) in the Marecchia valley confirms that the northern Apennines may represent a non-steady state system.
Highlights
IntroductionIntroduction and Study AreaSeveral methods can be implemented in order to evaluate short-term erosion rates when studying the landscape evolution of mountainous areas in central Italy [1,2,3,4,5], observing a noticeable spatial variability of the “denudation index” (Tu) values.The present work focuses on two catchment sub-basins of the Marecchia river valley (northernApennines), Senatello and Mazzocco river basins (48.5 and 46.6 km , respectively), chosen because of their representativeness of the geological, geomorphological and geodynamic context characterizing the Marecchia river valley.The short-term erosion rates attributable to fluvial processes are expressed by the mean turbid transport of streams (Tu value; [1,6]); morphometric analyses have been conducted for both catchment basins, aiming to define several descriptive and quantitative parameters expressing the hierarchization of the river networks, including Tu values.The Senatello river basin lies at the most western boundary of Emilia-Romagna region and includes a part of the geographic island of Ca’ Raffaello, exclave of Toscana region (Figure 1), extending in the municipalities of Sant’Agata Feltria, Casteldelci (Province of Rimini, Emilia-Romagna), Verghereto (Province of Forlì-Cesena, Emilia-Romagna) and Badia Tedalda (Province of Arezzo, Water 2020, 12, 2535; doi:10.3390/w12092535 www.mdpi.com/journal/waterWater 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEWToscana)
The short-term erosion rates attributable to fluvial processes are expressed by the mean turbid transport of streams (Tu value; [1,6]); morphometric analyses have been conducted for both catchment basins, aiming to define several descriptive and quantitative parameters expressing the hierarchization of the river networks, including the “denudation index” (Tu) values
The first results derived from the field survey are the geomorphological maps, which outline the main geomorphological features and reconstruct the main morpho-evolutive phases of the two studied basins (Figures 6 and 7), including mass movements, ancient landslide detachment areas, badlands, five orders of ancient surfaces, expressing the different
Summary
Introduction and Study AreaSeveral methods can be implemented in order to evaluate short-term erosion rates when studying the landscape evolution of mountainous areas in central Italy [1,2,3,4,5], observing a noticeable spatial variability of the “denudation index” (Tu) values.The present work focuses on two catchment sub-basins of the Marecchia river valley (northernApennines), Senatello and Mazzocco river basins (48.5 and 46.6 km , respectively), chosen because of their representativeness of the geological, geomorphological and geodynamic context characterizing the Marecchia river valley.The short-term erosion rates attributable to fluvial processes are expressed by the mean turbid transport of streams (Tu value; [1,6]); morphometric analyses have been conducted for both catchment basins, aiming to define several descriptive and quantitative parameters expressing the hierarchization of the river networks, including Tu values.The Senatello river basin lies at the most western boundary of Emilia-Romagna region and includes a part of the geographic island of Ca’ Raffaello, exclave of Toscana region (Figure 1), extending in the municipalities of Sant’Agata Feltria, Casteldelci (Province of Rimini, Emilia-Romagna), Verghereto (Province of Forlì-Cesena, Emilia-Romagna) and Badia Tedalda (Province of Arezzo, Water 2020, 12, 2535; doi:10.3390/w12092535 www.mdpi.com/journal/waterWater 2020, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEWToscana). The Senatello river basin lies at the most western boundary of Emilia-Romagna region and includes a part of the geographic island of Ca’ Raffaello, exclave of Toscana region (Figure 1), extending in the municipalities of Sant’Agata Feltria, Casteldelci (Province of Rimini, Emilia-Romagna), Verghereto (Province of Forlì-Cesena, Emilia-Romagna) and Badia Tedalda The Mazzocco river basin is included in Emilia-Romagna and Marche regions with a small. The Mazzocco river basin is included in Emilia-Romagna and Marche regions with tangent with the boundaries of the Republic of San Marino (Figure 1). It extends into a small tangent with the boundaries of the Republic of San Marino (Figure 1). It extends the municipalities of San Leo,ofVerucchio, Pennabilli
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