Geometry of time-dependent -symmetric quantum mechanics* *J.G. is supported by Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier I (WBS No. R-144-000-353-112) and by the Singapore NRF Grant No. NRFNRFI2017-04 (WBS No. R-144-000-378-281). Q.W. is supported by Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier I (WBS No. R-144-000-352-112).

Abstract

A new type of quantum theory known as time-dependent -symmetric quantum mechanics has received much attention recently. It has a conceptually intriguing feature of equipping the Hilbert space of a -symmetric system with a time-varying inner product. In this work, we explore the geometry of time-dependent -symmetric quantum mechanics. We find that a geometric phase can emerge naturally from the cyclic evolution of a -symmetric system, and further formulate a series of related differential-geometry concepts, including connection, curvature, parallel transport, metric tensor, and quantum geometric tensor. These findings constitute a useful, perhaps indispensible, tool to investigate geometric properties of -symmetric systems with time-varying system’s parameters. To exemplify the application of our findings, we show that the unconventional geometric phase [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 187902 (2003)], which is the sum of a geometric phase and a dynamical phase proportional to the geometric phase, can be expressed as a single geometric phase unveiled in this work.