Abstract
Because of the severe attenuation property, the communication area size of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band is much smaller than that of the sub-6 GHz band, and the mmWave antennas must be placed at higher density, which means that a strong cost constraint is imposed on the system design. This paper aims to provide guidelines for the development of mmWave 28 GHz antenna devices by geometrically clarifying, via a numerical simulation, the number of antenna elements, the power supply, and the antenna installation conditions required for a 1000 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> coverage of the “nano-area”. The simulation results, assuming a simple line-of-sight situation with no blockages or reflectors, show that the coverage area over 1000 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> requires at least a power supply P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> = 1, 3, 4 and 8 dBm for 8 × 8-, 8 × 4-, 8 × 2-, and 8 × 1-element antenna arrays, respectively, for an antenna height H = 1.5 and 4.5 m and a received power sensitivity of -70 dBm. We conclude that these parameter results of the number of elements, the power supply, and the antenna height for “nano-area”coverage are important for the system design of mmWave antenna placement.
Highlights
After the first 1G system was introduced in 1981, mobile network evolution began in the early 90s with 2G, gradually scaling to 3G and to 4G approximately every ten years
SYSTEM MODEL To carry out a coverage area calculation by a 3D beamforming simulation, we describe the physical model of a uniform planar array (UPA) and its installation conditions
In this study, we focus on the relationship between the mmWave ‘‘nano-area’’ coverage and parameters such as the antenna height, the antenna tilt angle, the power supply, and the number of antenna elements
Summary
After the first 1G system was introduced in 1981, mobile network evolution began in the early 90s with 2G, gradually scaling to 3G and to 4G approximately every ten years. In the 5G system of the 2020s, the communication capacity is increased by introducing the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band [1], [2]. The propagation loss in the mmWave band is much larger than that in the sub-6 GHz band, and long distance communication is difficult to carry out. To expand the communication area, the beamforming technique using multiple antenna elements has been studied intensively [3]–[7]. These works perform or introduce measurements of mmWave antenna arrays, focusing on the beam pattern of the antenna.
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