Abstract
With the development of space technology and the performance of remote sensors, high-resolution satellites are continuously launched by countries around the world. Due to high efficiency, large coverage and not being limited by the spatial regulation, satellite imagery becomes one of the important means to acquire geospatial information. This paper explores geometric processing using satellite imagery without ground control points (GCPs). The outcome of spatial triangulation is introduced for geo-positioning as repeated observation. Results from combining block adjustment with non-oriented new images indicate the feasibility of geometric positioning with the repeated observation. GCPs are a must when high accuracy is demanded in conventional block adjustment; the accuracy of direct georeferencing with repeated observation without GCPs is superior to conventional forward intersection and even approximate to conventional block adjustment with GCPs. The conclusion is drawn that taking the existing oriented imagery as repeated observation enhances the effective utilization of previous spatial triangulation achievement, which makes the breakthrough for repeated observation to improve accuracy by increasing the base-height ratio and redundant observation. Georeferencing tests using data from multiple sensors and platforms with the repeated observation will be carried out in the follow-up research.
Highlights
With the development of space technology and the performance of remote sensors, high-resolution satellites are continuously launched by countries around the world
SPOT-5 images with different time and spatial resolution taken as experimental data covering an area of France, including two images acquired from the High Resolution Stereoscopic sensor (HRS) with the resolution of 5 m × 10 m and an image obtained from the High Resolution Geometric sensor (HRG)
In this paper, according to the repeated observation of satellites, we have presented that the outcome of spatial triangulation of images is introduced into georeferencing without ground control points (GCPs) as repeated observation, which can guarantee the effective utilization of previous achievement
Summary
With the development of space technology and the performance of remote sensors, high-resolution satellites are continuously launched by countries around the world. Position accuracy for satellite imagery without GCPs has been improved compared with the conventional forward intersection, for example multiple strips of ZY-3 images were tested with bundle block adjustment without GCPs, in which the horizontal and vertical accuracy was about 13–15 m [5]; a hybrid model
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