Abstract
In connection with the increasing requirements for cleanliness in conticast steel, it is necessary to develop original solutions. The tundish, as the last refractory-lined reactor, gives enough space to remove inclusions by optimizing the flow of steel. The basic component of the tundish is the impact pad, the shape of which creates a suitable flow of steel, thus making it part of the tundish metallurgy. The optimal steel flow in the tundish must avoid creating dead zone areas, or the slag “eye” phenomenon in the slag layer around the ladle shroud, and is intended to create conditions for the release of inclusions by promoting reactions at the steel-slag phase interface. The flow also has to prevent excessive erosion of the tundish refractory lining. This paper compares the standard impact pad with the “Spheric” spherical impact pad using computional fluid dynamiscs (CFD) tools and physical modelling. The evaluation criteria are residence time and flow in the tundish at three different casting speeds.
Highlights
Current trends show that more than 96% of the steel produced in the world is processed by continuous casting [1]
This is solved by the use of an impact pad, which has the role of reducing the erosion of the bottom of the tundish refractory lining [3,4,5]
The numbers in brackets indicate the percentage difference related to the minimum residence time of the alternative with standard impact pad under similar conditions
Summary
Current trends show that more than 96% of the steel produced in the world is processed by continuous casting [1]. The basic requirement for a properly functioning slag system is the controlled flow of steel in the tundish so that inclusions can be released from the steel into the slag and chemical reactions have good conditions to run at the steel–slag phase interface [2] From this perspective, the most important criterion is the geometrical adjustment of the steel impact point in the tundish. The impact pad is one of the key parts of the tundish furniture affecting the flow of liquid steel It is mostly used with suitably selected dams, weirs, and baffles, which can significantly prolong the residence time of steel in the tundish [7,8,9]. In the case of a symmetrical two-strand boat-type tundish, a more advantageous character of steel flow is assumed using a spherical impact pad
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