Abstract
Cyclic Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) and adiabatic noncyclic geometric (ANG) effects are investigated in a single electron orbital system connected to two metal contacts with externally driven chemical potential and/or temperatures.The PB contribution does not affect the density matrix evolution, but has quantitative effect on the statistics (fluctuations) of electron transfer. The ANG contribution, on the other hand, affects the net flux across the junction. Unlike the PB, the ANG contribution is non-zero when two parameters are identically driven. Closed analytical expressions are derived for the ANG contribution to the flux, and the PB contribution to the first two leading order fluctuations. Fluctuations can be modified by manipulating the relative phases of the drivings. Interestingly, we find that the fluctuations of the pumped charge do not satisfy the steady state fluctuation theorem in presence of nonzero geometric contribution, but can be recovered for a vanishing geometric contribution even in presence of the external driving.
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