Geomagnetic substorms as perturbed self-organized critical dynamics of the magnetosphere

Abstract

The effect of self-organized criticality (SOC), known from the theory of complex nonlinear systems, is considered as an internal mechanism of geomagnetic fluctuations accompanying the development of magnetospheric substorms. It is suggested that spatially localized current sheet instabilities, followed by magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail, can be considered as SOC avalanches, the superposition of which leads naturally to the 1/ f β power spectra ( f — frequency, β — numerical parameter) of geomagnetic activity. A running 2D avalanche model with controlled dissipation rate is proposed for numerical investigation of the multi-scale plasma sheet behavior in stationary and nonstationary states of the magnetosphere. Two basic types of perturbations have been studied, the first induced by an increase in the solar wind energy input rate and the second induced by a decrease in critical current density in the magnetotail. The intensity of large-scale perturbations in the model depends on accumulated energy level and internal dissipation in a manner similar to the dependence characteristic of real magnetospheric substorms. A spectral structure of model dynamics exposed to variations of solar wind parameters reveals distinctive features similar to natural geomagnetic fluctuations, including a spectral break at 5 h separating frequency bands with different spectral slopes.