Abstract

Geomagnetic activity threshold expressed in ap index units for F2-layer negativestorms onset at middle latitudes exhibits seasonal (winter/summer) variation with summerthresholds being larger than winter ones. That is, for a given magnitude of the ionosphericdisturbance, the associated magnetic activity must be larger in summer than in winter.There are also relative minima (or plateau) in the threshold annual variation duringequinoctial periods. An analysis has shown that seasonal effect is due to seasonal difference inthe thermosphere (O/N

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