Geology, Geochronology, and Hf Isotopic Composition of the Pha Lek Fe Deposit, Northern Laos: Implications for Early Permian Subduction-Related Skarn Fe Mineralization in the Truong Son Belt

Abstract

The Truong Son metallogenic belt in central Laos and Vietnam is an important Fe-Cu-Sn-Au polymetallic ore district. The Pha Lek Fe deposit is closely related to Late Carboniferous- Early Permian I-type granitic magmatism, and contains >50 Mt @ 45% to 50% of Fe ore. Ore minerals occur mainly as magnetite and hematite in the skarn alteration zone between a granitic pluton and metamorphosed Middle-Upper Devonian carbonates. The granitic pluton comprises granodiorite and granite, with zircon U-Pb dating indicating synchronous emplacement at 288.2±1.3 and 284.9±1.2 Ma, respectively. Zircons from these granitoids have eHf(t) values of 2.9-11.2 and relatively young TDM2 ages (<1.0 Ga), indicating an origin by partial melting of depleted mafic crust or magma mixing. Previous studies have shown that these granitoids have high Y, Yb, and K2O contents, and low Sr and Na2O contents, which are interpreted as the melting of mafic continental crust. Pyrite of the main mineralization stage yields an 187Re/188Os-187Os/188Os isochron age of 287±17 Ma, indicating that mineralization is associated with Pha Lek granitic magmatism. A Late Carboniferous-Early Permian subduction-related skarn-type Fe mineralization model is proposed for the Pha Lek deposit. More evidence is needed to verify a hypothesis of volcanic overprinting during Late Triassic post-collisional extension.