Abstract
This study is conducted to investigate the occurrence of various geological features, and to study the geology and soil characteristics of the study area. To achieve the objective of this research collection, different samples from different locations in study area were collected, analyzed in laboratory, and the results are compared with each other. The main rock types found in the study area were metamorphic rock (Gneiss) and igneous rock (Granite), and the main soil types found were Loam, sandy and silty soils with different soil structures (e.g. crumbling, platy, single grain, granular and prismatic). Calcium carbonate, Iron oxides and different sizes of sediments were also seen in the soil profile, where the size of sediments were changing as it was course size sediments and gravels near the mountain range and as going far from the mountain it was changed to fine size sediments like sand, silt and clay. The river terraces present in the area cover different geological structures such as angular and erosional unconformities, thinning out of strata and potholes. The mountain range surrounded the study area contains different observable tectonic structures such as anticline, syncline, vines (dyke, sill and apophasis). Furthermore, different types of valleys also existed in this area.
Highlights
Dasht-e-top sedimentary basin is located 50 km west of Kabul in the Wardak province [1]
Iron oxides and different sizes of sediments were seen in the soil profile, where the size of sediments were changing as it was course size sediments and gravels near the mountain range and as going far from the mountain it was changed to fine size sediments like sand, silt and clay
The mountain ranges surrounding this sedimentary basin are consisting from metamorphic rock (Gneiss) and Igneous rock (Granite), and the accumulated sediments in this basin are Loam, Sands and Silts
Summary
Dasht-e-top sedimentary basin is located 50 km west of Kabul in the Wardak province [1]. The accumulated sediments are mostly clay, loam, sand and gravels, which are deposited in plane parts of the basin. The thickness of sediments depends on slope and distance from the mountains, and the basin has located at the two sides of Kandahar-Kabul highway and both sides are plane up to two km, but close to the mountain there are hills and sloppy areas. The size of materials related to the distance of transportation from mountain ranges around the basin, where generally near to the mountains the sediments have very course to course sizes which include boulder, cobble, pebble and granules and with distance from mountains the size of material changes from fine to very fine and includes Sand, Silt and Clay. The red color shows oxidation and solution of iron oxide, white color is due to reduction and CaCO3 and the dark color is because of organic materials, that decomposed at the different periods of geology [11] [12] [13]
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