GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF SOILS AND METHODS OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT OF THE ASA RIVER

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies of the geological structure of soils and methods of water resources management. From a geological point of view, the massif of the Asa River belongs to the complex of modern alluvial - proluvial deposits, contributes to their complex relationship in size and area, lithological differences [1]. In the valley of the Asa River, hydromorphic soils developed, influenced by shallow mineralized groundwater [2, 3]. The soil cover of desert areas consists of loose gray soil. Meadow-serozem irrigated loamy sandy soils, the parent rock is sandy loam, the bedding is sand [4]. The main source of irrigation for plants in the Asa river basin is surface water. However, during the growing season, there is an annual shortage of irrigation water; over the years of research, the water supply for 1 ha of irrigated land in the Zhambyl region was 3561 - 5988 m3/ha. The analysis of the water balance shows that irrigation along furrows increases the loss of water, the consumption of which is 2100 m3/ha [5]. When irrigating through the furrow, losses for consumption reduced to 600 m3/ha, i.e. 29% higher than furrow irrigation. Water-saving technology of irrigation through the furrow will allow: to reduce the size of water intake for irrigation to 15-35%; reduce economic costs; will increase the yield of agricultural products.