Abstract
The geology, sediment and soil studies are important due to its significant impacts on agriculture, mining, constructions materials, industries, environment, ground water percolation, air pollution, surface and ground water pollutions, earthquakes and geo-hazards in Afghanistan. In this research, we studied petrography, Sediment, tectonic structures, soil fraction selection by using hydrometer, sieving analysis, and geological mapping. Results show different kinds of metamorphic rocks of low grade and medium grade metamorphisms, Garnete mica Schist, Garnete Schist, Quarsite, different types of minerals among rocks. Further, type of sediment consisting residual angular (Autochthonous) and rounded (Allochthonous) transported by water, among sediments consisting Garnete, Gneiss, Schist, Quarsite, Biotite and consisting different type of sizes boulders, Cobble, Granule, Sand, Silt. Hydrometer analysis shows different types of soil clayey loam, sandy loam, silty loam. Moreover, Geological mapping shows complex tectonic structures like joints, cracks, faults, folds, anticline and syncline. The obtained results suggest that the petrography, sediments and soil researches can be used efficiently for catchments of the Kabul Basin and other basins in Afghanistan.
Highlights
The morphology of Chelsaton belongs to three kinds of relief, it consists of high, belongs to mountains slops, middle relief belongs to hills and plains areas, it belongs to agricultural lands and the Chelsaton Basin is located between mountains ranges which is called inter mountains backing basin
We study geology, sediments, Pedogenic horizons and geological mapping of Chelsaton sedimentary basin to find out different types of rocks, mineral, sediments, soil type by using sieving and hydrometer analysis in the study of basin, as it requires laboratory works
We focus on the study of petrography, sediment, tectonic structures, and soil fraction selection by using hydrometer, sieving analysis, and geological mapping
Summary
Types of sediments in this basin directly belong the kinds of rocks located in surrounding mountains. The surrounding mountains of this basin is formed from metamorphic rocks like Schist, Gneiss, Slate it’s called Crystalline of Kabul and it belongs to Precambrian (20 - 40 million years ago). The Chelsaton Mountains are series of Loger Mountain range and it is located from Southwest to Northeast which is called walayati and khengal series [4] [5] In these mountains we can seen different mining of rocks like slate, Gneisses, Garnets mica schist and gravels for constructions materials [6] [7]. In plain areas passing Kabul River and its two laterals located agricultural lands [8] [9]
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