Abstract
Hundreds of settlements, agricultural lands, roads, oil and gas pipelines’ routes, towers of high voltage transmission lines, hydro-technical-meliorative objects, mountain resorts, etc. are periodically experiencing strong influence of landslide-gravitational and debris flow/mudflow processes (often with catastrophic results). Almost all landscape-geographic zones—from Black Sea coastal region, to mountainous-nival, where geo-ecological situation is severely complicated, are located in dangerous area of disaster. Negative social-economic, demographic and ecological consequences caused by debris flow/mudflows and landslide-gravitational processes, are seen in all spheres of human activity. In mountainous regions there is especially complicated situation, where in conditions of extreme activation of disaster, in many cases population displacement and transfer to other regions is needed. Because of it, in second half of 20th century, tens of villages in mountainous regions were desolated and agricultural lands were abandoned. Most alarming scenario is that such events are accompanied by loss of human lives. Only after 1995 up until now geological and geo-morphological processes in Georgia caused loss of lives of more than 139 persons. Even in conditions of routine activation of disaster, total economical damages reach tens of millions of dollars, and in case of extreme development—hundreds of millions.
Highlights
Management and prognosis of natural processes occurring in environment is a main objective for modern civilization
Through the region transit communications of international importance are passing such as Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline and South Caucasus gas pipeline, highways connecting Georgia with Turkey and Armenia
Formation of Samtskhe-Javakheti region started at the end of Oligocene when, as a result of neo-tectonic movements and volcanic events plateau areas of Lesser Caucasus and southern Georgia were created which, in their turn, are divided on several districts and sub-regions, according to their genesis [1] [2]
Summary
Management and prognosis of natural processes occurring in environment is a main objective for modern civilization. (2016) Geological Hazards in Samtskhe-Javakheti Region (Georgia). The region of Samtskhe-Javakheti, with its geographic location, geo-morphological and geological complexity, landscape-climatic diverse spectrum and potential of sustained development of country, is a unique region. This is determined by natural and historical factors due to the historical and political conditions this region was one of the undeveloped agrarian regions in the country until XXI century. Through the region transit communications of international importance are passing such as Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline and South Caucasus gas pipeline, highways connecting Georgia with Turkey and Armenia. It is important to study processes developing on this territory, determine risk of danger and elaborate prognosis
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