Abstract
Kolleru Lake is a unique world famous wetland ecosystem. It is one of the prime coastal ecosystems in India and regarded as Ramsar site. It is located in the coastal tracts of Krishna and West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh. Overexploitation and mismanagement of land and water resources are exerting detrimental impact on the lake environment. The striking manifestation of this phenomenon is seen various kinds of problems such as shrinkage in Lake area, floods in foreshore area, pollution and siltation of lake, sea water intrusion, land degradation etc. The challenge therefore is, to arrest the degradational processes and restore the lake eco-system. The generation and evaluation spatial information on the terrain conditions that include Tectonic frame work, Lithology, Structure and Geomorphology of the area using geospatial technologies carried out in the present study forms an important component to address various issues in respect of land and water resources. Thus, the spatial database facilitates to formulate a scientific plan for the conservation, restoration and management of Kolleru lake ecosystem.
Highlights
Kolleru Lake is the largest natural fresh water lake in the coastal region in India and occupies an area of nearly 900 sq.km., when the water level rises to 10 ft above m.s.l. during monsoon period
The present study on Spatial database generation and evaluation on lithology, structure and geomorphology pertains to the Kolleru and northern portion of Upputeru sub-catchment and covers northern parts of West Godavari and Krishna and small isolated southern parts of Khammam district and amounts to an extent of 8708.04 sq.km
The analysis of all the related parameters that have a direct bearing on the Kolleru Lake provides enormous scope for Geospatial technologies that include Remote Sensing, GIS and GPS have been employed for the generating information on lithology, structure and geomorphology
Summary
GPS have been employed for the generating information on lithology, structure and geomorphology. The spatial database on lithology, structure and geomorphology has been generated by visual interpretation of high resolution remote sensing data sets, which facilitate to produce the final out puts on 1:10,000 scale. The morphology indicates the textural and structural variations and the tone on the image indicates the compositional variations (Rao D.P and Reddy P.R 1995) By combining both morphological and spectral characteristics, different lithological units have been mapped. The Satellite images in combination with elevation and drainage data helped in geomorphic analysis and mapping of landforms / geomorphic units. The large scale resource maps finalized after incorporation of field data form a part of scientific database for Kolleru and northern part of Upputeru sub-catchment and help in addressing various land, water and environmental issues of Kolleru Lake
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