Geohazard-Seismic: Gas Cloud Characterization Through Seismic Attributes

Abstract

Abstract In general, offshore geohazards consist of variety in geological features that contribute potential risks to human health, safety and the environment due to consequences of long or short period of geological processes. A geohazard can be defined as a geological state that may lead to widespread damage or risk. Geohazards are geological and environmental factors and involve long-term or short- term geological processes. Geohazards may have relatively small features, but they can also spread out to huge dimension so as to affect local and regional socio-economy to a large extent (Wikipedia, 2019). From the viewpoint of the oil and gas industry, geohazards mean either geological processes or factors to cause such processes that may provoke damage to the industry to risk human health, safety and the environment no matter where they are caused. Geohazards could also risk the suspension of the oil and gas production for a certain period of time. There are many type of geohazards related to offshore oil and gas developments such as "mud diapirs and volcanoes", "fault ruptures", "shallow gas", "seabed gas hydrates", "debris flow run out", "unstable slopes", "landslides", "pockmarks", "liquefaction", "turbidity current and rock outcrops" and "Methane-Derived Authigenic Carbonate (MDAC)". The geohazards can occur in the form of combination between various types of geohazards. It may cause huge damage and complicated problem to be solved. Each geohazards type has different problems solving due to different period of occurrence in geological processes. Generally, this paper will explain about the identification of gas cloud by applying several seismic attributes on specific parameter.