Abstract

Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) are generally considered the highest standard of evidence in medical research, as randomised treatment allocation promotes homogeneity in baseline characteristics between treatment groups, maximising internal validity and reducing both bias and confounding. RCTs, however, often enrol a convenience clinical sample, and can face challenges of external validity if that sample does not represent the full population at risk, or the full range of co-exposures and susceptibility factors likely to be encountered in clinical practice.

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