Geographical Origin Discrimination of White Rice Based on Image Pixel Size Using Hyperspectral Fluorescence Imaging Analysis

Min-Jee Kim,Youngwook Seo,Moon S Kim,Insuck Baek,Changyeun Mo,Giyoung Kim,Sung Won Kwon,Byoung-Kwan Cho,Seung Hyun Lee,Jongguk Lim

doi:10.3390/app10175794

Abstract

Geographical origin discrimination of white rice is an important endeavor in preventing illegal distribution of white rice and regulating and standardizing food safety and quality assurance. The aim of this study was to develop a method for geographical origin discrimination between South Korean and Chinese rice using a hyperspectral fluorescence imaging technique and multivariate analysis. Hyperspectral fluorescence images of South Korean and Chinese rice samples were obtained in the wavelength range of 420 nm to 780 nm with intervals of 4.8 nm using 365 nm wavelength ultraviolet-A excitation light. Partial least squares discriminant analysis models were developed and applied to the acquired image to determine the geographical origins of the rice samples. In addition, various pre-processing techniques were applied to improve the discrimination accuracy. Accordingly, the pixel size of the hyperspectral image was determined. The results revealed that the optimum pixel size of the hyperspectral image that was above 7 mm × 7 mm showed a high discrimination accuracy. Moreover, the geographical origin discrimination model that applied the first-order derivative achieved a high discrimination accuracy of 98.89%. The results of this study showed that hyperspectral fluorescence imaging technology can be used to quickly and accurately discriminate the geographical origins of white rice.

Highlights

In South Korea, the geographic origin of food has been used for marketing to establish a fair distribution order and trust between producers and consumers in accordance with agricultural trade liberalization
The Chinese rice samples exhibit a higher reflectance than the South Korean rice samples at the overall spectral wavelength
Previous studies reported that the geographical origin can be discriminated by using the difference in the ratio of amylopectin to amylose in rice [23]

Summary

Introduction

In South Korea, the geographic origin of food has been used for marketing to establish a fair distribution order and trust between producers and consumers in accordance with agricultural trade liberalization. Agricultural products from South Korean are more expensive, so instances of false representations from imported agricultural products continue to increase. False representations of the geographic origins have proliferated as a means to increase commercial profits [1]. False representations of geographic origins can result in decreased consumer confidence in product distribution and adversely affect the distribution order. Along with wheat and corn, rice is one of the world’s major crops and is grown in many countries [2] It is classified as ‘long grain’ or ‘short grain’ depending on the grain shape and size. Geographical origin discrimination of white rice is an important endeavor in preventing the illegal distribution of white rice and in standardizing and regulating food safety and quality assurance [4]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion