Geographical distribution and seasonal variation in paralytic shellfish toxins in the coastal water of the South China Sea

Abstract

Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are a group of the most harmful neurotoxins distributed worldwide. Marine organism samples, including mollusks, crustaceans and fish, collected from 11 sites around the coastal water of the South China Sea, were analyzed in terms of the PST and toxicity via high–performance liquid chromatography. The PST geographical distribution, detectable rate for PST and toxin content all increased slightly from 2006 to 2008 to 2015. High PST content with more than 2 nmol g−1 appeared in Shantou (ST), Shanwei (SW), Zhanjiang (ZJ), Beihai (BH), Xuwen (XW), Haikou (HK), Dongfang (DF), Wanning (WN) and Sanya (SY). Low PST content with less than 2 nmol g−1 appeared in Shenzhen (SZ) and Yangjiang (YJ). High PST toxicity over the safety limit 800 μg STXeq/kg appeared in ST, SW, ZJ, BH, DF, SY and XW. PST has significant seasonal characteristics and was mostly detected in spring, early summer (March–June) and autumn (September–November) in the coastal water of the South China Sea. PST was usually detected in some specific species of scallop, mussel, bloody clam, hard clam, razor clam, oyster, crab, shrimp and fish. Toxin profile variation of marine organism samples was influenced greatly by species, sampling time and site.