Abstract
The distribution and abundance of species of Trochillidae family is usually influenced by the flowering and phenology of plants used as a feeding source, mainly in primary forest, so that changes in vegetation cover could impact their populations. We analyzed and characterized the geographical distribution and habitat for 22 species of resident hummingbirds in the state of Guerrero using the vegetation and the land use map of INEGI Series IV (2007-2010). Distribution models were generated with the Genetic Algorithm for Rule Set Production (GARP), using historical records of scientific collections and fieldwork (2001-2009), in combination with climatic and topographic variables. Of the 22 modeled species, six are endemic to Mexico, the same number of species found in a risk category. The highest concentration with regards to richness (14-20 species), endemism (5-6 species) and number of threatened species of hummingbirds (5-6 species) occurred in the biotic province of Sierra Madre del Sur. However, the potential distribution of most of the hummingbirds occurred in disturbed sites or agroecosystems, as a result of changes in land-use. For Campylopterus hemileucurus, Lamprolaima rhami and Heliomaster longisrostris, their potential distribution was highest in areas of primary vegetation. Areas of high hummingbirds presence do not coincide with the Important Bird Areas proposed for bird conservation in Guerrero, considering that, despite its diversity and its extreme popularity, from the conservation perspective hummingbirds have received relatively little attention.
Highlights
Distribution models were generated with the Genetic Algorithm for Rule Set Production (GARP), using historical records of scientific collections and fieldwork (2001-2009), in combination with climatic and topographic variables
The potential distribution of most of the hummingbirds occurred in disturbed sites or agroecosystems, as a result of changes in land-use
For Campylopterus hemileucurus, Lamprolaima rhami and Heliomaster longisrostris, their potential distribution was highest in areas of primary vegetation
Summary
Área de estudio: El estado de Guerrero se ubica en la parte meridional de la República Mexicana, entre los paralelos 16°17’30” N 18°59’30” N y en los meridianos 98°04’30” W - 102°11’30” W (Fig. 1). Todas las variables ambientales fueron remuestreadas a 1 km de resolución espacial con ayuda del Arc View GIS 3.2 (Arc View GIS version 3.2) Para evitar problemas de sobreparametrización en los modelos, debido a la existencia de una alta correlación entre algunas de las variables climáticas (Elith, Kearney, & Phillips, 2010; Peterson et al, 2011), se realizó un análisis de correlación de Pearson donde solo se consideraron las variables con valores < 0.85. Caracterización del hábitat potencial: Para analizar la pérdida de hábitat, con los mismos mapas generados por los modelos de distribución, para cada especie se hizo un recorte a las áreas de distribución potencial donde han existido modificaciones o reemplazamiento total de la cobertura vegetal original. Las áreas de mayor riqueza potencial de colibríes residentes en el estado (14-20 especies) se obtuvieron en las zonas montanas de la Sierra Madre del Sur. CUADRO 2 Áreas de distribución potencial de las especies de colibríes por tipo de vegetación
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