Geographical and Topology Control-Based Opportunistic Routing for Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract

The opportunistic routing has great advantages on improving packet delivery probability ( ${P}_{\textit {sc}}$ ) between the source node and candidate forwarding set. For improving ${P}_{\textit {sc}}$ and reducing energy consumption and network interference, in this paper, we propose an efficient and reliable transmission power control-based opportunistic routing (ERTO) for wireless ad hoc networks. In ERTO, the network interference and fading channel, which are critical to routing performance but not considered in previous works, are investigated during the prediction of ${P}_{\textit {sc}}$ . The ${P}_{\textit {sc}}$ , the expected energy consumption, and the relationship between transmission power and node degree are applied to optimize the transmission power and forwarding node degree jointly. For improving routing effectiveness and reducing computational complexity, we introduce multi-objective optimization and Pareto optimal into ERTO. During the routing process, nodes calculate the optimal transmission power and forwarding node degree according to the properties of Pareto optimal solution set. Based on these innovations, the energy consumption, the transmission delay, and the network throughput have been improved greatly in ERTO compared with previous work. For instance, when the number of nodes is 120, the network throughput of ERTO is 1.41, 1.42, and 2.63 times larger than that in EEOR, TCOR, and ExOR, respectively.