Abstract
This chapter describes the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in public health. An overview of GIS includes a brief history, military developments, computerized GIS software, and current tools. Examples of GIS applications for international, national, state, and local public health organizations will highlight how GIS is currently used. GIS advantages and disadvantages in the fields of epidemiology, medicine, and public health will provide a context for its use in the health industry. An overview of spatial statistics and space-time analysis will illustrate advanced GIS functions used by researchers and scientists for better understanding of spatial patterns, improved decision-making, and determining the statistical significance of spatial modelling.
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