Geographic and Host-Related Variation among Species of Fessisentis (Acanthocephala) and Confirmation of the Fessisentis fessus Life Cycle

Abstract

Specimens of the 4 known species of Fessisentis, acquired through new collections in 6 states and laboratory infections, were compared with existing descriptions and collections. It was concluded that the number od longitudinal rows of proboscis hooks and lengths of proboscis receptacles, largest proboscis hooks, and reproductive systems are not useful in distinguishing the species. Egg size is of limited usefulness. Regardless of host or geographical locality, proboscis shape and length, the number of proboscis hooks in each longitudinal row, hook shape and size distribution, number of testes, number of cement glands, and female genital pore position are consistent differences. Cystacanths of Fessisentis fessus occurred in aquatic isopods, Asellus forbesi and Lirceus lineatus, in Jackson County, Illinois, where Siren intermedia is the usual definitive host. Laboratory infections confirmed the life cycle of this species.