Geoenvironmental Study of Gold Mining Tailings in a Circular Economy Context: Santa Barbara, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Abstract

We characterized the tailings from the Santa Barbara tailings dam, which is located in Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, to: (i) identify its chemical, mineralogical, and metallurgical properties, and (ii) perform an environmental evaluation of the water at the surface of the tailings facility. The potential recovery of elements such as Sb, As, and Au was also considered for potential tailings reuse. The water was alkaline, with maximum pH values of ≈ 10, and contained potentially toxic elements, such as Sb (up to 0.500 mg/L), As (up to 0.080 mg/L), and Cu (up to 20 mg/L). Gold enrichment areas were found in the tailings dam, with concentrations up to 0.5 g/t. Alignment exists among tailings management, demand for critical raw materials, and increased interest in the processing of low-grade ores and mining waste, which is important in the context of the circular economy. They suggest that valorisation of tailings, although challenging, can be achieved by economic recovery of the more valuable metals.