Abstract
Abstract. This study investigated the influences of urbanization on urban ecological and thermal environment as well as the relationships of all the biophysical parameters with each other utilizing multi-temporal datasets of CORONA (1967), Landsat TM (1992 and 2009), Landsat ETM+ (2002), IRS R2 LISS-3 (2012) and Landsat 8 (2014). The urban environmental issues related to land use and land cover, greenness, surface wetness and impervious surface were assessed using change detection, SAVI, MNDWI and IBI models respectively. The land surface temperature (LST) was also retrieved from thermal infrared band of each Landsat TM, ETM+ and Landsat 8. Based on these parameters, the urban expansion, urban heat island effect and the relationships of LSTs to other biophysical parameters were analyzed. Results indicate the area ratio of impervious surface in Pune sub-urban zone increased significantly, which grew from 1.41 % in 1967 to 8.47 % in 1992 and further to 22.45 % and 44.7 % in 2002 and 2014 respectively. Simultaneously, the intensity of urban heat island increased in observed years. A correlation analyses revealed that, the association of impervious surface to other two variables i.e. greenness and land surface wetness is negatively correlated (R2 = 0.616 and 0.607 respectively). Whereas, LST possessed a strong positive correlation with impervious surfaces (R2 = 0.658). The present study provided an integrated research approach and the outcome of the study is very useful in environmental modelling and sustainable development of urban areas and natural resources conservation.
Highlights
There is an unequal urban growth, which is taking place all over the world, but the rate of urbanization is very fast in the developing countries, especially in Asia
India no longer lives in villages and 79 million people were living in urban areas in 1961, but it went up to 285 million in 2001
Iterative classification process was carried out using Landsat TM/ETM+/Landsat-8 and IRS R2 LISS-3 image acquired over the study area
Summary
There is an unequal urban growth, which is taking place all over the world, but the rate of urbanization is very fast in the developing countries, especially in Asia. There has been a tremendous growth in population and buildings in cities, which lead to the drastic reduction in the greenery area and oppositely the increase in impervious area. It is essentially a multidisciplinary approach that brings about an appreciation of our natural world and human impact on its integrity. One of such approaches is to prepare regional geo-environmental appraisal for identification of areas subject to environmental degradation. Home to more than 3.1 million population, is growing at a rapid pace, increasingly at the forefront of the most pressing environmental challenges which require government, public and private organizations and individuals to take a fresh
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