Abstract
Aim.The aim is geoecological diagnostics of regions of the Central Black Soil Region on the basis of which the areas with different degree of tension of a technogenic and medicoecological situation have been revealed. Material and methods of research. System, comparative-geographical, geoinformation, historical, statistical methods of research, as well as software packages MS Excel and Statistica have been used. The database has been formed in retrospect for the period 2006-2015. About 50 public health criteria and about 200 potential risk factors have been analyzed. 9 key (indicator) criteria have been selected.Results.The authors propose an algorithm to perform geoecological diagnostics of the large region. The correlations between integral estimation criteria of levels of technogenic loadings and parameters of public health have been calculated. The positive correlations of weak and medium degree indicate the presence of stable trends: the increase in the levels of technogenic loads on the environment of the regions is an unfavorable "response" on the part of the population (the growth of environmentally caused pathology and, first of all, malignant neoplasms, as well as congenital anomalies in children). It is established that among the regions of the Central Black Soil Region this pattern is more pronounced for the area of the Belgorod region, where the environmental situation is much more contrasting, and the level of technogenic impact in the urban agglomeration zone is higher than, for example, in the Voronezh region.Conclusion.In this scientific paper, the authors have solved the actual practice-oriented problem in the field of geoecological researches, namely, they have developed the method of geoecodiagnostics of a large region, which allows to quickly and reliably determine the degree of technogenic load on the area. The analysis of the obtained data allowed us to reveal the regularities of the formation of the geoecological situation in the area of the Central Black Soil Region, to formulate the main directions of environmental policy and to predict the dynamics of the geoecological situation development.
Highlights
Исследования на разных иерархических уровнях: глобальном, региональном и локальном
GPS tracking in neighborhood and health studies: a step forward for environmental exposure assessment, a step backward for causal inference? // Health Place. 2013
Conflict of interests The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest
Summary
Цель – геоэкологическая диагностика субъектов Центрального Черноземья, на основе которой выявлены районы с разной степенью напряженности техногенной и медико-экологической ситуации. Рассчитаны корреляционные связи между интегральными оценочными критериями уровней техногенных нагрузок и параметрами общественного здоровья. Положительные корреляционные связи слабой и средней степени свидетельствуют о наличии устойчивых тенденций: увеличение уровней техногенных нагрузок на окружающую среду регионов – неблагоприятная «ответная реакция» со стороны населения (рост экологически обусловленной патологии и, прежде всего, злокачественных новообразований, а также врожденных аномалий у детского населения). В работе решена актуальная практикоориентированная задача в области геоэкологических исследований – разработана методика геоэкодиагностики крупного региона, позволяющая оперативно и достоверно определить степень техногенной нагрузки на территорию. Анализ полученных данных позволил проследить закономерности формирования геоэкологической ситуации на территории Центрального Черноземья, спрогнозировать динамику ее развития, сформулировать основные направления экологической политики. Геоэкологическая диагностика субъектов Центрального Черноземья // Юг России: экология, развитие.
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