GEOECOLOGICAL BASIS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF MONITORING OF THE NORTHERN URBANIZED TERRITORIES (BY THE EXAMPLE OF PETROZAVODSK)

Abstract

The Geochemistry of the snow cover, soils and near-surface sediments, groundwater,biogeochemical and morphological characteristics of herbaceous communities in different functional zones of the city were studied in Petrozavodsk. Studies have shown that in precipitation the high content of K+, Ca2+, Na + , Cl - , SO42-, Fe. All samples of snow contaminated with petroleum products. Тhe high content of Cu detected in all samples of snow among the heavy metals. Sustainable nitrate contamination of groundwater is typical for built-up areas of the city. Water of many springs bears signs of acidification. Periodically determined high concentrations of different elements. But stable anomalies in groundwater cities form only lithophile trace elements (B, Ba, Sr, U). Soils on the territory of the city alkalized throughout the profile. They are characterized by a high content of carbon and other mineral nutrients. Soils correspond to the allowable category of pollution by heavy metals. Near industrial sites, major roads, garages revealed high concentrations of lead. Based on the geochemical data identified natural and anthropogenic factors of formation of chemical composition of soils. The study of plant herbaceous communities located on the technogenic contaminated territories, including the analysis of species diversity, projective cover of the species, the study of morphometric parameters of plants and their chemical composition. Some characteristics can serve as indicators of heavy metals soil pollution. Based on the studies defined the general concept of environmental monitoring ofPetrozavodsk.