GEODESIC ASPECTS OF THE CREATION OF DIGITAL RELIEF MODELS FOR THE NEEDS OF GEO-INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Abstract

The article analyzes the role of geographic information systems (GIS) in the collection, storage, analysis, and visualization of geospatial data, emphasizing the importance of digital terrain models (DRMs). GIS and DEM are important tools for effective management and planning in various sectors, including ecology, water management, and emergency planning. The article examines in detail the process of creating a DEM using a variety of methods, such as ground surveys, aerial photography, satellite scanning and laser scanning (LiDAR). The value of these models is particularly important for ecologists and planners, as DEMs allow the assessment of changes in the landscape that occur as a result of natural processes or human activities, and the planning of interventions to minimize the negative impact on the environment. Analysis of terrain patterns also plays a key role in developing strategies to manage risks associated with natural disasters such as floods, determining optimal evacuation routes and locating rescue points. The paper also highlights modern technologies such as aerial photography and LiDAR, which are expanding the capabilities of geodesy, allowing faster data collection with high accuracy. This contributes to the expansion of the use of GIS in land use planning and urban planning. Digital relief models, created using geodetic methods, provide high data accuracy. This is critical for engineering, construction, urban planning, and conservation activities, where accurate elevation data can influence design, project implementation, and environmental impact assessment. The use of DEM in GIS allows for more efficient planning of land use, development of infrastructure projects, and optimization of natural resource management. For example, DEMs help in planning road routes that minimize interference with natural landscapes and watersheds. Overall, the paper highlights the importance of integrating digital terrain models into GIS to improve the effectiveness of land use and resource management, as well as to provide a deeper understanding of geospatial data, which in turn contributes to informed decision-making and sustainable development.