Geochronology and geochemistry of the northern Scotia Sea: A revised interpretation of the North and West Scotia ridge junction

Teal R Riley,Andrew Carter,Philip T Leat,Alex Burton-Johnson,Joaquin Bastias,Richard A Spikings,Alex J Tate,Charlie S Bristow

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.04.031

Abstract

Understanding the tectonic evolution of the Scotia Sea is critical to interpreting how ocean gateways developed during the Cenozoic and their influence on ocean circulation patterns and water exchange between the Atlantic and Southern oceans. We examine the geochronology and detrital age history of lithologies from the prominent, submerged Barker Plateau of the North Scotia Ridge. Metasedimentary rocks of the North Scotia Ridge share a strong geological affinity with the Fuegian Andes and South Georgia, indicating a common geological history and no direct affinity to the Antarctic Peninsula. The detrital zircon geochronology indicates that deposition was likely to have taken place during the mid – Late Cretaceous. A tonalite intrusion from the Barker Plateau has been dated at 49.6 ± 0.3 Ma and indicates that magmatism of the Patagonian–Fuegian batholith continued into the Eocene. This was coincident with the very early stages of Drake Passage opening, the expansion of the proto Scotia Sea and reorganization of the Fuegian Andes. The West Scotia Ridge is an extinct spreading center that shaped the Scotia Sea and consists of seven spreading segments separated by prominent transform faults. Spreading was active from 30–6 Ma and ceased with activity on the W7 segment at the junction with the North Scotia Ridge. Reinterpretation of the gravity and magnetic anomalies indicate that the architecture of the W7 spreading segment is distinct to the other segments of the West Scotia Ridge. Basaltic lava samples from the eastern flank of the W7 segment have been dated as Early – mid Cretaceous in age (137–93 Ma) and have a prominent arc geochemical signature indicating that seafloor spreading did not occur on the W7 segment. Instead the W7 segment is likely to represent a downfaulted block of the North Scotia Ridge of the Fuegian Andes continental margin arc, or is potentially related to the putative Cretaceous Central Scotia Sea.

Highlights

The expansion of the Scotia Sea and the opening of Drake Passage between the Antarctic Peninsula and South America (Fig. 1) has long been considered to be the critical tectonic event that lead to the thermal isolation of Antarctica and the onset of widespread glaciation (Kennett, 1977; Barker, 2001)
4.1.1. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology Two samples from the eastern flank of the W7 segment were selected for Ar-Ar geochronology
Conclusions i) U–Pb detrital geochronology provides strong evidence that the submerged sections of the North Scotia Ridge share a geological affinity with South Georgia and the Fuegian Andes and not with the Antarctic Peninsula or East Antarctica

Summary

Introduction

The expansion of the Scotia Sea and the opening of Drake Passage between the Antarctic Peninsula and South America (Fig. 1) has long been considered to be the critical tectonic event that lead to the thermal isolation of Antarctica and the onset of widespread glaciation (Kennett, 1977; Barker, 2001). Recent work has emphasized the role of declining global atmospheric CO2 concentrations, as occurred during the late Eocene (DeConto et al, 2008). This does not mean that changes in the configuration of ocean gateways in the Southern Ocean were unimportant; coupled cli-. The junction between the northernmost W7 segment of the West Scotia Ridge and the Barker Plateau of the North Scotia Ridge (Fig. 2) is the subject of this paper. We examine the age and detrital geochronology of samples from the North Scotia Ridge and investigate the age and geochemistry of basaltic rocks from the W7 segment of the West Scotia Ridge.

Results

Discussion

Conclusion