Abstract

东秦岭地区是我国重要的花岗伟晶岩区及稀有金属成矿区。电气石在东秦岭各类花岗伟晶岩中广泛发育,通常在无矿化伟晶岩、铍矿化及锂矿化伟晶岩中呈黑色-深蓝色。本文旨在通过各类伟晶岩中电气石的对比研究揭示电气石地球化学特征对东秦岭伟晶岩矿化类型的指示作用。本文所研究电气石为作为东秦岭各类伟晶岩贯通矿物的黑电气石系列。在双峰村、碾盘及风原无矿化伟晶岩中,黑电气石生长环带发育,单偏光下呈蓝绿色-棕色,具有较高的Mg、Ti、Sc含量,较低Li、Mn、Zn含量,<i>δ</i><sup>11</sup>B值变化较大(约-19.00‰~-12.00‰)。街子沟富铍伟晶岩中黑电气石单偏光下呈蓝色-草绿色,Ti、V、Sc含量低于无矿化伟晶岩中黑电气石,<i>δ</i><sup>11</sup>B值约-16.00‰~-12.00‰。丰庄伟晶岩具弱铌钽矿化,黑电气石具有核-边结构,单偏光下呈蓝色-深蓝色,比无矿化和铍矿化伟晶岩中黑电气石含有更高Li、Zn含量,<i>δ</i><sup>11</sup>B值-21.92‰~-14.75‰。在蔡家沟Li矿化伟晶岩中,黑色-深蓝色电气石Li<sub>2</sub>O含量达到约1.0%,成分上过渡至黑电气石-锂电气石系列,具有最高Li、Mn、Zn含量,而Mg、Ti、Sc、V含量极低,其<i>δ</i><sup>11</sup>B值-18.96‰~-16.89‰。硼同位素分析揭示碾盘、风原及丰庄伟晶岩中存在两类电气石,Ⅰ类电气石富重B同位素,可能为较早从伟晶岩熔体中结晶形成;而Ⅱ类电气石具有更负的<i>δ</i><sup>11</sup>B值,可能为伟晶岩流体出溶时由流体中晶出。流体出溶导致围岩中形成热液电气石,其<i>δ</i><sup>11</sup>B值与伟晶岩中Ⅱ类电气石相似,表明出溶流体与围岩的作用并未导致显著的B同位素分馏。但伟晶岩与围岩之间的作用,使得Mg、Ti、V进入伟晶岩,同时Li、B、Al进入围岩。在研究区内,从无矿化至锂矿化伟晶岩,随伟晶岩分异程度增加,岩浆成因的黑电气石中Li、Mn、Zn、F含量升高而<i>δ</i><sup>11</sup>B值降低,表明黑电气石的Li、Mn、Zn及F含量和B同位素组成可以有效指示伟晶岩矿化类型。

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