Abstract
Investigating the composition and distribution of pelagic marine sediments is fundamental in the field of marine sedimentology. The spatial distributions of surface sediment are unclear due to limited investigation along the Emperor Seamount Chain of the North Pacific. In this study, a suite of sedimentological and geochemical proxies were analyzed, including the sediment grain size, organic carbon, CaCO3, major and rare earth elements of 50 surface sediment samples from the Emperor Seamount Chain, spanning from ∼33°N to ∼52°N. On the basis of sedimentary components, we divide them into three Zones (I, II, and III) spatially with distinct features. Sediments in Zone I (∼33°N–44°N) and Zone III (49.8°N–53°N) are dominated by clayey silt, and mainly consist of sand and silty sand in Zone II. The mean grain size of the sortable silt shows that the hydrodynamic condition in the study area is significantly stronger than that of the abyssal plain, especially at the water depth of 1,000–2,500 m. The CaCO3 contents in sediments above 4,000 m range from 20 to 84% but decrease sharply to less than 1.5% below 4,000 m, confirming that the water depth of 4,000 m is the carbonate compensation depth of the study area. Strong positive correlations between Al2O3 and Fe2O3, TiO2, MgO, and K2O (R > 0.9) in the bulk sediments indicate pronounced contributions of terrigenous materials from surrounding continent mass to the study area. Furthermore, the eolian dust makes contributions to the composition of bulk sediments as confirmed by rare earth elements. There is no significant correlation between grain size and major and minor elements, which indicates that the sedimentary grain size does not exert important effects on terrigenous components. There is significant negative δCe and positive δEu anomalies at all stations. The negative Ce anomaly mainly exists in carbonate-rich sediments, inheriting the signal of seawater. The positive Eu anomaly indicates widespread volcanism contributions to the study area from active volcanic islands arcs around the North Pacific. The relative contributions of terrestrial, volcanic, and biogenic materials vary with latitude and water depth in the study area.
Highlights
The geochemical composition of marine sediments, including the contributions of terrestrial, volcanic and biogenic materials, reveals abundant information about ocean current circulation, ecosystem community structure, tectonic movement, and climate change, etc. (Ding et al, 1994; Liu et al, 2009; Hu et al, 2012; Franzese and Hemming, 2013)
In order to further reveal the relationship between hydrodynamic condition and water depth, we calculated the mean grain size of the sortable silt, a proxy for deep current intensity (Mccave et al, 1995)
Mean grain size of sortable silt shows strong positive correlation with the contents of sortable silt in the study area, suggesting that it can be used to indicate the relative change of bottom current strength (Mccave et al, 2020)
Summary
The geochemical composition of marine sediments, including the contributions of terrestrial, volcanic and biogenic materials, reveals abundant information about ocean current circulation, ecosystem community structure, tectonic movement, and climate change, etc. (Ding et al, 1994; Liu et al, 2009; Hu et al, 2012; Franzese and Hemming, 2013). The geochemical composition of marine sediments, including the contributions of terrestrial, volcanic and biogenic materials, reveals abundant information about ocean current circulation, ecosystem community structure, tectonic movement, and climate change, etc. Determining the composition and distribution of pelagic sediments is fundamental to marine sedimentology, as well as the basis for studying marine ecological assessment, resource exploitation, the reconstruction of past oceanic environment and climatic evolution, etc. More and more studies suggest that their biological communities, benthic biodiversity, marine biogeography, marine fisheries, hydrodynamic conditions, mineral resources, and climate change are all vital (Clark et al, 2010). With progresses in seamount research, it is necessary to reveal some basic characteristics of seamounts, including the composition of sediments deposited on seamount evolution of ecosystems and the development of resources (Mcclain, 2007)
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