Abstract
Pegmatite constitutes an important lithologic unit in the Precambrian Basement Complex of Panda north central Nigeria. The primary aim of this study is to present a geochemical data of various rock types in the area especially pegmatite in order to determine their geochemical classification and mineralization potential of some selected pegmatite deposits in the area. Geochemical analysis reveals that the pegmatite samples have high SiO2 content; 73.8-94.8 wt%, low Na2O/K2O ratio suggesting they are strongly peralkaline and peraluminous, indicating that the pegmatite may have formed from mixed plutonic sources. The discrimination diagram of TiO2 versus SiO2 shows that the samples plotted on both igneous and sedimentary field, but majorly on the igneous field which is an implication that substantial material may have been generated from igneous sources. Also the plotting of the pegmatite samples in both the tholeiitic and calc-alkaline fields shows that the magma from which the rock was formed was not totally restricted in occurrence only to subduction related environment but also from the oceanic crust of calc-alkaline environments. This is further confirmed by discrimination diagrams plot of TiO2-K2O-P2O which indicates that substantial samples plotted fall within the continental crust. High potash content alkalies with relative Fe-enrichment and silica suggest the plutonic generation of magma and the development of the rocks in both the oceanic and continental crust. Major elements analysis of both the granitic rock aplite and biotite gneiss shows moderately high silica values. These values reflect the geochemical characteristic of crystalline rocks. The pegmatite of the study area exhibits low contents of Nb, Ta, Ga, Rb and Sn which are the major mineralization indices for pegmatite bodies. In classifying the pegmatites, rare metal indicative elements were used to discriminate the barren ones from the mineralized. A plot of Ta-Ga reveals that all the samples plotted are below the boundary of mineralization line, suggesting all the pegmatite samples in the study area to be barren in term of rare earth metals and can be compared to other pegmatite bodies in Nigeria and around the world.
Highlights
Pegmatite constitutes an important lithologic unit in the Precambrian Basement Complex of Panda north central Nigeria
While the molecular plot of Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O+K2O) versus SiO2 shows the plotting majorly fall on the I-type granitoids. This implies a major source of the material is from igneous melt (Fig.10) plots of rock in the S-type field imply that the original magma from which the pegmatite was formed contained great amount of sedimentary or crustal material, stated that similar granitic compositions can be produced by partial melting of a variety of sources
Geochemical analysis reveals that the pegmatites samples have high SiO2 content; 73.8–94.8 wt%, low Na2O/k2O ratio which suggest they are strongly peralkaline and peraluminous, indicating that the pegmatite may have formed from mixed plutonic sources
Summary
Pegmatite constitutes an important lithologic unit in the Precambrian Basement Complex of Panda north central Nigeria. Two groups of pegmatites are noticeable in north central Nigeria [6]: (1) simple, barren pegmatite; the vast majority of pegmatite is simple They consist mostly of coarse grained quartz, feldspar with subordinate mica and can be mined for feldspar or micas and (2) complex pegmatite are formed as a result of one long, continuous period of crystallization, during which the first formed minerals reacted with a progressive changing residual magmatic fluid. About 100km north-east of the area of study at wamba, rare metal pegmatites have been geochemically linked to peraluminous late PanAfrican tectonic granitoids, the emplacement of which have largely been controlled by the regional fractures [9]
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