Geochemistry, age, and petrogenesis of rocks from the Garevka metamorphic complex, Yenisey Ridge

Abstract

The mineralogical, petrological, geochemical and geochronological data on the Garevka metamorphic complex (GMC) of the Yenisey Ridge were used to evaluate the age, nature, and provenance of their protoliths. The evolution of the GMC occurred in two stages with different ages, thermodynamic regimes, and metamorphic field gradients. The final emplacement of granitoids was marked by high-pressure (HP) amphibolite facies regional metamorphism (970 Ma). At the second stage, these rocks experienced Late Riphean (900–870 Ma) retrograde epidote-amphibolite facies metamorphism accompanied by the formation of blastomylonitic complexes within narrow zones of brittle-ductile deformation. The metamorphism of migmatites (850 Ma) is coeval with the collisional medium-pressure metamorphism of the kyanite-sillimanite type. The GMC is different from the other rock complexes of the Yenisey Ridge in the presence of rapakivi-type granites. The geochemistry of these rocks, which is characterized by stronger enrichment in K2O, FeO, Y, Th, U, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, and REE relative to the other mineral assemblages of the GMC, is typical of anorogenic (A-type) within-plate granites. Among other distinctive features of these rocks are the strong iron enrichment of the melanocratic minerals, the presence of ilmenite as the sole Fe-Ti oxide, and crystallization from higher temperature (T = 825°C vs. T = 750°C) water-poor magmas under reducing conditions below the FMQ buffer. Significant variations in the geochemical and petrological characteristics of the GMC rocks suggest that they could not be derived from a single source. The main volume of the high-K rocks varying in composition from A-type to S-type granites was generated by melting of mixed mantlecrustal sources. The products of melting of the Late Archean-Early Proterozoic infracrustal gneisses of the Siberian Craton could be a possible source for the least oxidized rocks.